On January 20, 2025, just hours after the inauguration, President Donald Trump took action on immigration with a series of executive orders that signal a dramatic shift in U.S. border policy and enforcement. The most significant of these measures is the declaration of a national emergency at the southern border, which the President framed as an “invasion” of individuals attempting to enter the U.S. unlawfully. This emergency declaration allows for the use of U.S. Armed Forces to assist in border enforcement, providing an aggressive response to what the administration perceives as a growing threat to national security.

In addition to this national emergency declaration, the Trump administration has moved swiftly to prevent entry at the southern border for those seeking asylum or those it deems to be “invaders”. The new policy aims to block asylum seekers from entering the U.S., reversing previous practices that allowed them to cross the border and await hearings. Instead, the administration has reinstated the “Remain in Mexico” policy, requiring asylum seekers to stay in Mexico while awaiting their U.S. immigration hearings. This approach is designed to deter individuals from attempting to enter the country through the southern border, and it complements the administration’s broader strategy to secure the U.S.-Mexico border.

One of the most controversial measures included in the executive actions is a proposed change to the longstanding practice of birthright citizenship. Under the new policy, children born in the U.S. on or after February 19, 2025, will only be granted citizenship if at least one parent is a lawful permanent resident or U.S. citizen. This marks a significant departure from the current interpretation of the 14th Amendment, which has traditionally conferred citizenship on all children born on U.S. soil, regardless of their parents’ immigration status. Lawsuits challenging this executive order have already been filed.

The executive orders also target broader immigration enforcement, including the revocation of policies from the previous administration that allowed for prosecutorial discretion in certain immigration cases. Under the new directives, the Trump administration will prioritize the prosecution of criminal offenses related to unauthorized entry or unlawful presence. Additionally, the administration plans to expand the use of 287(g) agreements, which enable local and state authorities to assist in the enforcement of federal immigration laws, thereby extending the reach of immigration enforcement at the local level. For those jurisdictions that would rather opt out of this cooperation and dub themselves as “sanctuary cities”, the executive orders seek to enforce penalties by withholding certain federal funds.

Other key provisions include expanded detention practices, with a focus on holding individuals in custody until they can be removed from the U.S. The administration has also proposed the creation of a visa bond system, which would require certain immigrants to post a bond to guarantee their departure from the country when required. On the issue of Temporary Protected Status (TPS), Trump seeks to limit the scope and duration of these protections, ensuring they are only granted for as long as necessary to address the immediate needs in affected countries.

Together, these executive actions represent a decisive and enforcement-heavy approach to immigration policy, one that seeks to drastically limit immigration benefits and tighten border security. With a focus on physical barriers, expanded detention, and restrictions on entry, the Trump administration is pushing for a more restrictive immigration system that is likely to face legal challenges and intense public debate as it moves forward.